Inflation tops risks for Fed’s Barkin as he signals cautious rate path

Caution remains warranted on monetary policy, Richmond Federal Reserve (Fed) President Thomas Barkin said on Monday, noting that risks to the Fed’s dual mandate “lie on the inflation side”. While describing the direction of policy as “straightforward”, he said policymakers should proceed “with care.”

Demand and widespread cost increases are keeping inflation under pressure, Barkin noted in remarks prepared for the Greater Greer Chamber of Commerce in South Carolina. He described the US economy as “remarkably stable” and said businesses were “trying to pass on higher costs.”

TMGM Analysis: Financial Market News, Economic Calendar & Market Insights

What are Barkin’s key takeaways?

Inflation is the source of risk to the US central bank’s mandate.

Although the monetary policy direction is ‘straightforward’, it is best to proceed 'with care’.

The US economy remains ‘remarkably stable’.

Prices face upward pressure from resilient demand and widespread cost increases.

Higher costs are something firms say they will be trying to pass on.

With 'remarkable' earnings, businesses are doing well.

According to bankers, lending pipelines are healthy and demand reaches well beyond artificial intelligence.

Layoff activity continues to be subdued.

Reports reaching me point to widespread cost pressures.

Despite 'bleak' sentiment, consumers are still spending, underpinned by a resilient job market.

How Is the US Dollar Performing Today?

The US Dollar recorded its strongest performance against the Swiss Franc today. Its percentage movements against the major currencies listed are set out in the table below.

USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF
USD -0.54% -0.52% -0.30% 0.06% -0.71% -1.34% 0.12%
EUR 0.54% 0.02% 0.27% 0.60% -0.17% -0.80% 0.66%
GBP 0.52% -0.02% 0.25% 0.57% -0.20% -0.83% 0.64%
JPY 0.30% -0.27% -0.25% 0.35% -0.42% -1.05% 0.42%
CAD -0.06% -0.60% -0.57% -0.35% -0.77% -1.39% 0.07%
AUD 0.71% 0.17% 0.20% 0.42% 0.77% -0.63% 0.84%
NZD 1.34% 0.80% 0.83% 1.05% 1.39% 0.63% 1.48%
CHF -0.12% -0.66% -0.64% -0.42% -0.07% -0.84% -1.48%

To read the heat map of percentage movements between major currencies, select the base currency in the left-hand column and the quote currency in the top row. Selecting the US Dollar on the left and following its row horizontally to the Japanese Yen, for instance, gives the percentage change for USD (base)/JPY (quote) in the intersecting cell.

Fed Questions Answered

Achieving price stability and promoting full employment are the two mandates of the Federal Reserve (Fed), which sets US monetary policy. Adjustments to interest rates are its main means of pursuing these objectives. If prices climb too rapidly and inflation exceeds its 2% target, the Fed increases interest rates, raising borrowing costs across the economy. The US Dollar (USD) strengthens as a result, as international investors find the US a more attractive destination for their funds. Conversely, inflation below 2% or an excessively high Unemployment Rate may prompt the Fed to cut interest rates to stimulate borrowing, putting pressure on the Greenback.

Economic conditions are reviewed and monetary policy decisions taken by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) at the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) eight policy meetings each year. Twelve Fed officials participate in the FOMC: the Board of Governors’ seven members, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and four presidents drawn from the other eleven regional Reserve Banks. These four serve rotating one-year terms.

A sharp expansion in credit flowing through a stalled financial system is the purpose of Quantitative Easing (QE), a policy the Federal Reserve may adopt in extreme circumstances. As an unconventional measure, QE is used in crises or when inflation is exceptionally low. The Fed favoured this approach during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. Under QE, it prints additional Dollars to purchase high-grade bonds from financial institutions. The US Dollar typically weakens under this policy.

Usually supportive of the US Dollar’s value, Quantitative tightening (QT) reverses QE. The Federal Reserve halts bond purchases from financial institutions and, as its existing bonds mature, does not reinvest the principal in new bonds.