
Quarterly earnings from several megacap technology companies fell short of expectations, denting investor confidence and deepening doubts over the sustainability of the AI trade. The resulting pressure on the US Dollar (USD) has left USD/CAD trading around 1.4000 during Friday’s Asian session, extending its decline for a seventh consecutive day.

A worsening geopolitical conflict in the Middle East has also increased risk aversion across markets. Safe-haven demand has strengthened on reports that the US and Israel are preparing further military strikes against Iran after the forthcoming midterm elections. Both the Japanese Yen and Swiss Franc have consequently gained support against the US Dollar.
Against this backdrop, Federal Reserve (Fed) officials have shown little inclination to speed up policy tightening. Although Fed Chair Kevin Warsh recently sounded optimistic about the US economy’s underlying strength, he gave no indication of whether further interest rate rises would be necessary. Even with this measured guidance, participants using the CME FedWatch Tool currently assign a 92.8% probability to a rate increase at the forthcoming policy meeting on 27–28 October.
Higher oil prices are supporting the commodity-linked Canadian Dollar (CAD), adding to the downward pressure on USD/CAD. With geopolitical tensions and supply risks mounting in the Middle East, WTI continues to trade close to its highest level in five weeks.
Responsibility for recent attacks on Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea port of Yanbu was claimed by Iran-backed Houthi militants in Yemen. The group also claimed deadly strikes on an oil field and an airport in the world’s largest crude oil exporter.
Further fuelling concern are reports that the US and Israeli militaries have prepared plans for possible renewed strikes against Iran after next month’s midterm elections. Iran’s energy infrastructure is likely to be a key target. In Europe, meanwhile, Ukraine has stepped up attacks on Russian oil refineries against the backdrop of a US-Russia agreement involving diesel supplies.
Among the main influences on the Canadian Dollar (CAD) are interest rates set by the Bank of Canada (BoC), the price of oil, Canada’s largest export, economic health, inflation and the trade balance. The latter measures the difference between the value of Canadian exports and imports. Market sentiment also matters: investors may favour riskier assets in a risk-on environment or seek safe havens when conditions turn risk-off. Risk-on sentiment generally supports the CAD. Economic conditions in the US are another important influence on the Canadian Dollar, given that the US is Canada’s largest trading partner.
By setting the interest rate at which banks can lend to each other, the Bank of Canada (BoC) exerts considerable influence over the Canadian Dollar. That rate, in turn, affects borrowing costs throughout the economy. Keeping inflation within 1-3% is the BoC’s primary objective, which it pursues by raising or lowering interest rates. Relatively high rates generally support the CAD. To adjust credit conditions, the Bank of Canada can also employ quantitative easing or quantitative tightening: easing tends to weigh on the CAD, while tightening tends to strengthen it.
As petroleum is Canada’s largest export, changes in oil prices tend to feed through immediately to the Canadian Dollar’s value, making oil a major influence on the currency. A rise in oil prices generally lifts the CAD by increasing overall demand for it; falling oil prices usually have the opposite effect. More expensive oil also makes a trade surplus more likely, providing further support for the CAD.
Traditionally, inflation was regarded as harmful to a currency because it erodes the value of money. In modern times, however, the easing of cross-border capital controls has seen the reverse relationship emerge. As higher inflation tends to prompt central banks to raise interest rates, it draws in more capital from international investors looking for attractive returns. Demand for the domestic currency therefore increases, which in Canada means greater demand for the Canadian Dollar.
By providing a measure of economic health, macroeconomic releases can move the Canadian Dollar. GDP, manufacturing and services PMIs, employment figures and consumer sentiment surveys are all capable of influencing the CAD’s direction. Economic strength supports the currency both by drawing in foreign investment and by potentially prompting the Bank of Canada to raise interest rates. Weak data, by contrast, are likely to leave the CAD lower.