
A 0.5% fall leaves Dow Jones futures trading at around 51,880 during Tuesday’s European session. S&P 500 futures are down 0.15% at around 7,560, while Nasdaq 100 futures hold steady near 28,140.

Caution ahead of the US midterm elections weighed on US stock futures. With energy prices elevated by the ongoing conflicts with Iran, US President Donald Trump and the Republican Party face mounting political pressure.
Slower sales growth and fourth-quarter revenue guidance below expectations sent Apple shares nearly 3% lower in pre-market trading. Despite Q3 earnings exceeding forecasts, Palantir shares also fell almost 3%. By contrast, Anthropic announced that quarterly revenue had increased twelvefold and set out plans to invest more than $895 billion over the coming years.
Deepening losses in semiconductor shares weighed on Monday’s regular session: the S&P 500 fell 0.51% and the Nasdaq Composite lost 1.07%, although the Dow Jones advanced 0.41%. Attention now shifts to Tuesday’s major earnings releases, with AMD, SMCI, Pfizer, Shopify and Booking Holdings all due to report.
The political environment may continue to weigh on key market segments, according to economists at Societe Generale. They note that their US team “believes a blue sweep is likely and such an outcome may not be particularly conducive to a rebound in Tech stocks and would potentially set up another round of flattening in the long end of the Treasury curve.”
Among the world’s oldest stock market indices, the Dow Jones Industrial Average comprises the 30 most traded US stocks. Rather than using market capitalisation, it weights its constituents by share price. To calculate the index, the constituent share prices are added together and divided by a factor that currently stands at 0.152. Charles Dow, who also founded the Wall Street Journal, established the index. More recently, critics have questioned how broadly representative it is: it follows only 30 conglomerates, unlike wider benchmarks such as the S&P 500.
The combined performance of its constituent companies, as shown in their quarterly earnings reports, is the principal influence on the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). Other drivers include US and global macroeconomic data, which shape investor sentiment. Interest rates set by the Federal Reserve (Fed) also affect the DJIA by determining borrowing costs for the many corporations that depend heavily on credit. Inflation can therefore play a significant role, alongside other indicators that influence the Fed’s decisions.
Developed by Charles Dow, Dow Theory seeks to identify the stock market’s primary trend. It involves comparing the direction of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) with that of the Dow Jones Transportation Average (DJTA), following a trend only when both indices move in the same direction. Trading volume serves as confirmation, while analysis of peaks and troughs also forms part of the approach. Dow’s theory divides trends into three phases: accumulation, when smart money begins buying or selling; public participation, when the wider public enters the market; and distribution, when smart money withdraws.
Investors can access the DJIA through several instruments. ETFs allow them to trade the index as a single security without buying shares in each of its 30 constituent companies; the SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF (DIA) is a leading example. Traders can also speculate on the index’s future value through DJIA futures contracts. Options, meanwhile, give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the index at a predetermined price at a future date. Buying a share in a mutual fund with a diversified portfolio of DJIA stocks provides another route to exposure to the overall index.