BoJ minutes lift the Yen as markets look to Ueda and US NFP on Friday

  • Having surged towards 159.00 on Tuesday, USD/JPY has returned below 158.00 to its pre-rally level.
  • Expectations of a December rate rise strengthened following the BoJ minutes, while US technology shares declined.
  • Friday brings US payrolls data alongside a speech from BoJ Governor Ueda.

Bank of Japan (BoJ) minutes pointing towards a December rate rise have helped lift the Yen on Thursday, with falling US technology shares providing further support. The Japanese currency is strengthening against the Dollar even as the latter advances against the Pound, the Euro, the Kiwi and the Aussie. From Tuesday's peak just below 159.00, the highest since mid-October, USD/JPY has retreated to just above 157.50.

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An eight-to-one vote on 30 October kept the BoJ's rate at 1.25%, although board member Takata favoured 1.5%. Its next meeting takes place on 17-18 December. That division was highlighted in Thursday's minutes, with the rate gap relative to the Fed's 3.75%-4.00% standing at two and a half percentage points or more. Provided the Fed leaves rates unchanged, a December BoJ increase would narrow the gap by a quarter-point.

Market pricing for the Fed's 9 December decision is close to 70%. On Thursday, Cleveland Fed President Hammack said policy needs to become restrictive, having voted for a rate rise on 28 October. Should Washington raise rates on 9 December and Tokyo follow on 18 December, the differential would remain unchanged. Thursday's decline in US technology shares has also contributed to the Yen's advance.

Earnings and policy speeches precede rate decisions

Japanese labour cash earnings for September are due at 23:30 GMT on Thursday. Annual growth is forecast at 3.8%, matching August's figure. A speech by BoJ Governor Ueda follows at 16:00 GMT on Friday. Both will inform the BoJ's 17-18 December decision, its final one of the year.

A 65K increase is expected in October Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP), following September's 29K gain, when the figures are released on Friday at 13:30 GMT. Earlier that day, New York Fed President Williams is scheduled to speak at 09:30 GMT. The October Consumer Price Index (CPI), due on Tuesday, 10 November, at 13:30 GMT, is forecast at 0.3% after 0.6%. That release will inform the Fed's 8-9 December meeting.

USD/JPY returns to its established trading range

Following the latest reversal from just below 159.00 at Tuesday's high, USD/JPY has moved back into the 156.00-159.00 range in place since late September. Both the 50-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) and the 200-day EMA lie within a quarter-Yen of 158.00, with the pair trading just beneath them.


Daily price chart for USD/JPY

Japanese Yen: frequently asked questions

Among the world's most actively traded currencies, the Japanese Yen (JPY) broadly reflects the performance of Japan's economy. More specific influences include Bank of Japan policy, the gap between Japanese and US bond yields and traders' appetite for risk, alongside other factors.

Currency control forms part of the Bank of Japan's mandate, making its actions important for the Yen. On occasion, the BoJ has intervened directly in currency markets, usually with the aim of weakening the currency. Political concerns among its main trading partners, however, discourage frequent intervention. From 2013 to 2024, the BoJ's ultra-loose monetary policy weakened the Yen against its major peers as its approach increasingly diverged from that of other leading central banks. A gradual unwinding of this exceptionally loose policy has more recently provided the Yen with some support.

By maintaining ultra-loose monetary policy over the past decade, the BoJ increasingly diverged from other central banks, notably the US Federal Reserve. The resulting widening in the yield gap between 10-year US and Japanese bonds favoured the US Dollar over the Japanese Yen. That differential is now narrowing as a result of the BoJ's 2024 decision to withdraw gradually from ultra-loose policy and interest-rate cuts by other major central banks.

Investors often regard the Japanese Yen as a safe-haven asset, making them more inclined to hold the currency during periods of market stress because of its perceived reliability and stability. Such turbulence is therefore likely to lift the Yen against currencies considered riskier investments.