
Underlying inflation is close to the 2% target, Bank of Japan (BoJ) Deputy Governor Ryozo Himino said on Wednesday, while noting that financial conditions remain accommodative.
Strong AL demand driving up capex, exports.
Underlying inflation almost at 2% target.
Underlying inflation likely to align with Bank of Japan target.
Medium- and long-term inflation expectations continue rising.
Financial conditions still accommodative.
Real interest rates stay low, bank lending expands rapidly.
Postponing policy changes could trigger inflation risks, damage economy.
Upside price risks elevated.
Stable prices via suitable monetary policy would boost Japan’s sustainable growth.

USD/JPY stands at 158.35 at the time of writing, a gain of 0.13% on the day.
At 8.2/10, BoJ’s Himino’s FXS Speechtracker score matches the historical average exactly. Nevertheless, his focus on “underlying inflation almost at 2%” and increasing medium- to long-term inflation expectations lends his remarks a modestly hawkish slant. He presents robust AL-led capital expenditure and exports, rapid growth in bank lending and low real interest rates as grounds for concern that delaying policy changes could increase upside price risks. This points to growing unease over maintaining ultra-accommodative policy for an extended period.
A bias towards gradual normalisation is further supported by the warning that postponing action could “damage the economy”, alongside the emphasis on securing stable prices through “suitable monetary policy”. In currency markets, heightened upside price risks, coupled with a firmer tone on future policy adjustments, should underpin the Yen. That support should be particularly evident if forthcoming data confirm that underlying inflation is moving into line with the Bank of Japan’s target.
As Japan’s central bank, the Bank of Japan (BoJ) is responsible for setting the country’s monetary policy. Its remit covers issuing banknotes and exercising currency and monetary control to maintain price stability, defined by an inflation target of around 2%.
Against a backdrop of subdued inflation, the Bank of Japan introduced an ultra-loose monetary policy in 2013 to support economic activity and lift inflation. The approach rests on Quantitative and Qualitative Easing (QQE): printing money to purchase assets, including government and corporate bonds, and thereby supplying liquidity. Further easing followed in 2016, as the bank reinforced its strategy by introducing negative interest rates before moving to direct control of the yield on its 10-year government bonds. A rate increase in March 2024 marked the BoJ’s effective retreat from its ultra-loose monetary stance.
Extensive stimulus from the Bank of Japan weakened the Yen against other major currencies. The depreciation intensified in 2022 and 2023 as the BoJ’s policy increasingly diverged from that of other leading central banks, which raised interest rates sharply to tackle inflation at its highest in decades. By widening interest rate differentials with other currencies, the BoJ’s stance put downward pressure on the Yen. A partial reversal came in 2024, following the bank’s decision to move away from ultra-loose policy.
Japanese inflation rose above the BoJ’s 2% target as a weaker Yen combined with a surge in global energy prices. Expectations of higher domestic wages, a key driver of inflation, also helped prompt the policy shift.