Fed's Collins backs cautious rate hikes, warns of broadening inflation

Inflation remains a concern for Boston Federal Reserve (Fed) President Susan Collins, who said that “inflation is too high and appears to be broadening,” reinforcing earlier remarks from Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee.

Speaking to Bloomberg TV on Friday, Collins described the latest inflation figures as “less promising than I hope” but said the direction of monetary policy was clear. While her base case envisages “careful adjustments” to monetary policy, she said she did not know how high interest rates should rise.

TMGM Analysis: Financial Market News, Economic Calendar & Market Insights

Main points from Collins’s remarks:

Inflation appears to be spreading more broadly and remains too high

The latest inflation figures are less encouraging than I had hoped

There is clarity over the future direction of monetary policy

The labour market seems to be on a SOLID footing

In my view, some further policy tightening would be warranted soon

The policy direction is clear, though its pace and end point remain uncertain

The Fed may need to lift rates further than anticipated

The most favourable scenario involves ‘careful adjustment’ of monetary policy

I do not want to specify how far or how quickly rates should rise

Higher costs are expected to be passed on to consumers by many firms

With demand strong, some firms anticipate recruiting more staff in key sectors

I see signs that financial markets are functioning well and remain stable

US Dollar Posts Its Strongest Gain Against the Australian Dollar Today

Against the major currencies listed below, the US Dollar (USD) recorded its strongest performance against the Australian Dollar today. The table sets out the day's percentage changes.

USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF
USD 0.19% 0.11% -0.02% -0.04% 0.40% 0.30% 0.35%
EUR -0.19% -0.08% -0.19% -0.22% 0.21% 0.14% 0.16%
GBP -0.11% 0.08% -0.13% -0.13% 0.29% 0.23% 0.24%
JPY 0.02% 0.19% 0.13% -0.02% 0.41% 0.34% 0.36%
CAD 0.04% 0.22% 0.13% 0.02% 0.43% 0.37% 0.39%
AUD -0.40% -0.21% -0.29% -0.41% -0.43% -0.06% -0.05%
NZD -0.30% -0.14% -0.23% -0.34% -0.37% 0.06% 0.03%
CHF -0.35% -0.16% -0.24% -0.36% -0.39% 0.05% -0.03%

Percentage movements between the major currencies are displayed in the heat map. Select the base currency in the left-hand column and the quote currency in the top row. For instance, choosing the US Dollar on the left and following that row across to the Japanese Yen gives the percentage change for USD (base)/JPY (quote) in the corresponding cell.

The Fed Explained: Frequently Asked Questions

Responsibility for US monetary policy rests with the Federal Reserve (Fed), whose dual mandate is to maintain price stability and promote full employment. Adjusting interest rates is its main means of pursuing these objectives. If prices increase too rapidly and inflation exceeds the Fed’s 2% target, it lifts interest rates, pushing up borrowing costs across the economy. Higher rates make the US a more appealing destination for international investment, strengthening the US Dollar (USD). Conversely, when inflation drops below 2% or unemployment is too high, the Fed may cut rates to stimulate borrowing. This puts pressure on the US Dollar.

At eight policy meetings each year, the Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reviews the economic outlook and decides monetary policy. Twelve Fed officials participate in the FOMC: all seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and four of the other eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents. Those four serve rotating one-year terms.

When conditions become extreme, the Federal Reserve may turn to Quantitative Easing (QE) to increase credit flows substantially through a financial system that has become blocked. This unconventional policy is deployed during crises or periods of exceptionally low inflation. During the Great Financial Crisis in 2008, it was the Fed’s preferred tool. Under QE, the Fed prints additional Dollars to purchase high-grade bonds from financial institutions, a process that generally weakens the US Dollar.

By reversing QE, quantitative tightening (QT) brings Federal Reserve bond purchases from financial institutions to a halt. The Fed also refrains from using principal repaid on its maturing bond holdings to buy new bonds. This process usually supports the value of the US Dollar.