2% target: underlying inflation nearly at goal, says BoJ’s Himino

Underlying inflation is almost at the 2% target. Bank of Japan (BoJ) Deputy Governor Ryozo Himino delivered that assessment on Wednesday, while noting that financial conditions remain accommodative.

Selected remarks

Strong AL demand driving up capex, exports. 

Underlying inflation almost at 2% target. 

Underlying inflation likely to align with Bank of Japan target. 

Medium- and long-term inflation expectations continue rising. 

Financial conditions still accommodative. 

Real interest rates stay low, bank lending expands rapidly. 

Postponing policy changes could trigger inflation risks, damage economy. 

Upside price risks elevated. 

Stable prices via suitable monetary policy would boost Japan’s sustainable growth. 

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2% inflation target in sight: BoJ’s Himino highlights risks, supporting Yen

An 8.2/10 FXS Speechtracker score puts BoJ’s Himino exactly at the historic average. His focus on “underlying inflation almost at 2%” and increasing medium- to long-term inflation expectations nevertheless gives the remarks a modestly hawkish slant. He presents strong AL-driven capital expenditure and exports, rapid bank lending growth and low real interest rates as grounds for concern that delaying policy changes could amplify upside price risks. The message suggests mounting unease over an extended period of ultra-accommodative policy.

A gradual normalisation bias gains further support from his warning that delayed action could “damage the economy”, alongside his emphasis on price stability through “suitable monetary policy”. In currency markets, heightened upside price risks and a firmer tone on prospective policy adjustments should underpin the Yen. That support should be particularly evident if forthcoming data confirm that underlying inflation is moving into line with the Bank of Japan’s target.

Bank of Japan: key questions

Japan’s central bank, the Bank of Japan (BoJ), determines the country’s monetary policy. Its responsibilities cover issuing banknotes and managing currency and monetary conditions to maintain price stability. This mandate translates into an inflation target of around 2%.

To support economic activity and lift inflation from low levels, the Bank of Japan adopted ultra-loose monetary policy in 2013. Quantitative and Qualitative Easing (QQE) underpins this approach: the bank prints money to purchase assets, including government and corporate bonds, and inject liquidity. It expanded the strategy in 2016, easing further through negative interest rates followed by direct control of the yield on its 10-year government bonds. A rate increase in March 2024 marked the BoJ’s effective retreat from its ultra-loose stance.

Large-scale stimulus from the Bank pushed the Yen lower against its major currency counterparts. The decline intensified in 2022 and 2023 as the Bank of Japan’s policy increasingly diverged from that of other leading central banks. Those banks raised interest rates sharply to tackle inflation at multi-decade highs. The resulting widening of interest rate differentials weighed on the Yen. In 2024, the trend partially reversed following the BoJ’s decision to move away from ultra-loose policy.

Japanese inflation rose above the BoJ’s 2% target as a weaker Yen combined with a surge in global energy prices. Expectations of higher domestic salaries, a key driver of inflation, also helped prompt the policy shift.